\(\int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx\) [78]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 8, antiderivative size = 44 \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=x \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{2}} \operatorname {FresnelC}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\pi }} \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}\right )}{a} \]

[Out]

-1/2*FresnelC(2^(1/2)/Pi^(1/2)*arccos(a*x)^(1/2))*2^(1/2)*Pi^(1/2)/a+x*arccos(a*x)^(1/2)

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.06 (sec) , antiderivative size = 44, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 4, number of rules used = 4, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.500, Rules used = {4716, 4810, 3385, 3433} \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=x \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{2}} \operatorname {FresnelC}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\pi }} \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}\right )}{a} \]

[In]

Int[Sqrt[ArcCos[a*x]],x]

[Out]

x*Sqrt[ArcCos[a*x]] - (Sqrt[Pi/2]*FresnelC[Sqrt[2/Pi]*Sqrt[ArcCos[a*x]]])/a

Rule 3385

Int[sin[Pi/2 + (e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]/Sqrt[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)], x_Symbol] :> Dist[2/d, Subst[Int[Cos[f*(x^2/d)],
x], x, Sqrt[c + d*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{c, d, e, f}, x] && ComplexFreeQ[f] && EqQ[d*e - c*f, 0]

Rule 3433

Int[Cos[(d_.)*((e_.) + (f_.)*(x_))^2], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(Sqrt[Pi/2]/(f*Rt[d, 2]))*FresnelC[Sqrt[2/Pi]*Rt[d, 2
]*(e + f*x)], x] /; FreeQ[{d, e, f}, x]

Rule 4716

Int[((a_.) + ArcCos[(c_.)*(x_)]*(b_.))^(n_.), x_Symbol] :> Simp[x*(a + b*ArcCos[c*x])^n, x] + Dist[b*c*n, Int[
x*((a + b*ArcCos[c*x])^(n - 1)/Sqrt[1 - c^2*x^2]), x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c}, x] && GtQ[n, 0]

Rule 4810

Int[((a_.) + ArcCos[(c_.)*(x_)]*(b_.))^(n_.)*(x_)^(m_.)*((d_) + (e_.)*(x_)^2)^(p_.), x_Symbol] :> Dist[(-(b*c^
(m + 1))^(-1))*Simp[(d + e*x^2)^p/(1 - c^2*x^2)^p], Subst[Int[x^n*Cos[-a/b + x/b]^m*Sin[-a/b + x/b]^(2*p + 1),
x], x, a + b*ArcCos[c*x]], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d, e, n}, x] && EqQ[c^2*d + e, 0] && IGtQ[2*p + 2, 0] && IGt
Q[m, 0]

Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = x \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}+\frac {1}{2} a \int \frac {x}{\sqrt {1-a^2 x^2} \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}} \, dx \\ & = x \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\cos (x)}{\sqrt {x}} \, dx,x,\arccos (a x)\right )}{2 a} \\ & = x \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}-\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int \cos \left (x^2\right ) \, dx,x,\sqrt {\arccos (a x)}\right )}{a} \\ & = x \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}-\frac {\sqrt {\frac {\pi }{2}} \operatorname {FresnelC}\left (\sqrt {\frac {2}{\pi }} \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}\right )}{a} \\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [C] (verified)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 0.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 69, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.57 \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=\frac {i \left (\sqrt {-i \arccos (a x)} \Gamma \left (\frac {3}{2},-i \arccos (a x)\right )-\sqrt {i \arccos (a x)} \Gamma \left (\frac {3}{2},i \arccos (a x)\right )\right )}{2 a \sqrt {\arccos (a x)}} \]

[In]

Integrate[Sqrt[ArcCos[a*x]],x]

[Out]

((I/2)*(Sqrt[(-I)*ArcCos[a*x]]*Gamma[3/2, (-I)*ArcCos[a*x]] - Sqrt[I*ArcCos[a*x]]*Gamma[3/2, I*ArcCos[a*x]]))/
(a*Sqrt[ArcCos[a*x]])

Maple [A] (verified)

Time = 0.88 (sec) , antiderivative size = 49, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.11

method	result	size
default	\(\frac {-\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\arccos \left (a x \right )}\, \sqrt {\pi }\, \operatorname {FresnelC}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\, \sqrt {\arccos \left (a x \right )}}{\sqrt {\pi }}\right )+2 \arccos \left (a x \right ) a x}{2 a \sqrt {\arccos \left (a x \right )}}\)	\(49\)

[In]

int(arccos(a*x)^(1/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

1/2/a/arccos(a*x)^(1/2)*(-2^(1/2)*arccos(a*x)^(1/2)*Pi^(1/2)*FresnelC(2^(1/2)/Pi^(1/2)*arccos(a*x)^(1/2))+2*ar
ccos(a*x)*a*x)

Fricas [F(-2)]

Exception generated. \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: TypeError} \]

[In]

integrate(arccos(a*x)^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

Exception raised: TypeError >>  Error detected within library code:   integrate: implementation incomplete (co
nstant residues)

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=\int \sqrt {\operatorname {acos}{\left (a x \right )}}\, dx \]

[In]

integrate(acos(a*x)**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral(sqrt(acos(a*x)), x)

Maxima [F(-2)]

Exception generated. \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=\text {Exception raised: RuntimeError} \]

[In]

integrate(arccos(a*x)^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

Exception raised: RuntimeError >> ECL says: expt: undefined: 0 to a negative exponent.

Giac [C] (verification not implemented)

Result contains complex when optimal does not.

Time = 0.30 (sec) , antiderivative size = 83, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.89 \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=\frac {\left (i + 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\pi } \operatorname {erf}\left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\arccos \left (a x\right )}\right )}{8 \, a} - \frac {\left (i - 1\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\pi } \operatorname {erf}\left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} \sqrt {\arccos \left (a x\right )}\right )}{8 \, a} + \frac {\sqrt {\arccos \left (a x\right )} e^{\left (i \, \arccos \left (a x\right )\right )}}{2 \, a} + \frac {\sqrt {\arccos \left (a x\right )} e^{\left (-i \, \arccos \left (a x\right )\right )}}{2 \, a} \]

[In]

integrate(arccos(a*x)^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

(1/8*I + 1/8)*sqrt(2)*sqrt(pi)*erf((1/2*I - 1/2)*sqrt(2)*sqrt(arccos(a*x)))/a - (1/8*I - 1/8)*sqrt(2)*sqrt(pi)
*erf(-(1/2*I + 1/2)*sqrt(2)*sqrt(arccos(a*x)))/a + 1/2*sqrt(arccos(a*x))*e^(I*arccos(a*x))/a + 1/2*sqrt(arccos
(a*x))*e^(-I*arccos(a*x))/a

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \sqrt {\arccos (a x)} \, dx=\int \sqrt {\mathrm {acos}\left (a\,x\right )} \,d x \]

[In]

int(acos(a*x)^(1/2),x)

[Out]

int(acos(a*x)^(1/2), x)